Technology is advancing at a rapid speed. It encompasses our entire lives , from morniing to night . The question is whether we can make the process of learning more effective by allowing us eof technology in learnig . Use of PPT’s , slides, youtbe videos is on the rise and it is best that htis process is allowed to continue

Education opens our minds . We think better or more clearly by educating ourselves . we can also express ourselves better after education .

Today, expectation of the society from a man to a woman has changed. Today woman are at par with men. They are looking after the home as well as managing their carriers. Women also have entered male dominated profession and have become fighters, pilots and engine drivers. The position of women in society underwent a change when women decided to come out of their houses and adopt the role of ‘bread winners during the industrial revolution in Europe’. So friends what did you get? Is there any inequality? No friends no, they are treated equally.

In political aspects, women are going ahead. Have you ever heard the name of Sonia Gandhi, Mayawati, and Pratibha Patil? They are all political leaders. Yes, also Hema Malini and Smriti Irani, they are also political leaders as well as television actresses. There are many other women who are MPs, MLAs and CMs.

In social and sports aspects, we can find so many women engaged in sports, social works, etc. in sports aspects the most common name is of M C Marycom. And there are so many in social works, like, Kiran Bedi, the first I.P.S. officer of India, Indira Gandhi and Pratibha Patil, the first prime minister and president of India respectively. I think that you also have studied about Bachendri Pal, the first Indian women to climb Mount Everest. So that means there is no place where women can’t reach. By this, I don’t know about you, but I am hundred percent sure that all genders are treated equally.

If you really didn’t believe let’s prove it by another way that,’ According to the human rights committee general comment 18,”article 26 provides that all persons are equal before law and are entitled to equal protection of the law without any discrimination and that the law shall guarantee equal and effective protection against discrimination on any enumerated grounds.” In most of the countries right to vote for women is legal. So, is there any discrimination?

Now day women are involved in business. Women handle a business better than a man. But the problem is they didn’t start. But if they start they can be more successful than men. Some famous women in business are Kiran Mazumdar Shaw, Shikha Sharma and Swati Piramal.

In educational aspects, girls are getting more percentage in board exams, UPSC exams. There is a competition going on between boys and girls. Smriti Irani, she is the educational minister of India. So why nobody is stopping girls to get good marks or become something? This is because there is no discrimination.

Let’s go to the history, did you know about Begum Rokeya Shakhawat Hussain? She is the lady who started schools for Muslim girls in Calcutta. Does anyone stop her? Pandita Ramabai, a great scholar of Sanskrit, wrote a book about “the miserable lives of upper caste Hindu women”, does anyone stop her? Did you know about Razia Sultan, the first lady, holding the position of an emperor and sitting without veil? And the great freedom fighter of the first war of independence in 1857, Rani Laxmibai. Does anyone stop them? Yes, even me I would like to say that many people stopped them for doing this, but that’s the people’s thinking. There are many other women like that which you can find in your history.

So, even the history says there is no discrimination that means there is not.

Nowadays, women are developing all over the world, but what about them the transgender? No need to worry about them also because they also got the protection of law. When we treat them as untouchable, we violate the article 14 and 21 of the constitution. That means they are also have been provided the security of law. It’s the thinking which makes them different, but the humans also should realize that transgender are also human beings.

Women and men definitely have equal rights. Although women complain about hoe they don’t have equal rights.

I know that some of you are going to say that “men get paid more than women”. Isn’t it? It’s because men probably have better jobs than women. So please stop saying that women don’t have equal rights.

Women are now working parallel to men. We all have seen hoe he women are dedicating their life for the country by serving in the army, navy and air force. There is no job where women are not working today, it may be in political aspects, social aspects or it may be in anyone of them I have given to you.

At last I would like to say that, men and women represent two forms of divine energy; they are the male and the female single soul.

Gender is neither masculine nor feminine but has two forms of emanations: the masculine form, which is more aggressive and the feminine form which is more subtle. For a human being to lead a total life, he or she must have both the forms of energy, the power of strength and the power of subtility, the power of giving and the power of receiving. Ideally these energies are merged seamlessly.

So there is no discrimination between genders. All are equal before and all are equal now.

THANK YOU

 

Abu Rayhan al-Biruni was born in Khwarazm, a region adjoining the Aral Sea now known as Karakalpakstan. The two major cities in this region were Kath and Jurjaniyya. Al-Biruni was born near Kath and the town where he was born is today called Biruni after the great scholar. Khwarazm was an important center of learning and Al-Biruni received the best education available at that time. He was well versed in several languages: Syriac, Arabic, Persian, Hebrews and Sanskrit. He lived both in Kath and in Jurjaniyya as he grew up and he began studies at a very early age under the famous astronomer and mathematician Abu Nasr Mansur. Certainly by the age of seventeen, Al-Biruni was engaged in serious scientific work for it was in 990 that he computed the latitude of Kath by observing the maximum altitude of the sun.

In 997 Al-Biruni returned to Kath, where he observed a lunar eclipse that Abu al-Wafa observed in Baghdad; on the basis of the time difference they determined the longitudinal difference between the two cities, one of the few instances in which this method, the only secure one available in antiquity, is known to have been applied.

During the next few years al-Biruni seems to have visited the Samanid court at Bukhara, as well as the court of the Ispahbad of Gilan. But he was busy collecting the enormous mass of information on the chronology of the ancient nations of Europe and Asia that he dedicated to the Ziyarid prince of Gurgan in 1000 and that in English is known simply as the Chronology. This remains the most significant source for the various Iranian calendars and for much of the history of central Asia.

By 1004 al-Biruni was in Jurjaniya. He became a prominent figure at the Jurjaniya court, being often employed as a diplomat and as a spokesman for the throne. He continued, however, making his astronomical observations under the Shah’s patronage.

But the Shah had increasing difficulties with his brother-in-law, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. Finally, in 1017 Mahmud conquered Khwarazm and carried off al-Biruni as a prize of war. Al-Biruni was sent to the region near Kabul, where he commenced making observations in 1018. In 1022 and 1026 Mahmud conducted highly successful expeditions into India, and al-Biruni availed himself of the opportunity to learn some Sanskrit (though not as much as is generally thought; he depended heavily on pundits to translate for him), studying especially Indian astronomy, astrology, chronology, and social customs.

Most of his extant works were written in the 1020s and 1030s and reflect his interest in, and growing knowledge of, the Sanskrit astronomical texts current in the Punjab. These include On Shadows (ca. 1021), Tahdid (1025), On Chords (1027), On Transits, India (1031), and Al-Qanun al-Masudi, as well as the Arabic translation of Vijayanandin’s Sanskrit Karanatilaka. These are fundamental texts for the history of Islamic and Indian astronomy of the 8th-10th centuries because of al-Biruni’s extensive citations of earlier texts; they are also full of reports of al-Biruni’s own observations, which are among the best made in the medieval period. He was not always as successful in his calculations.

Till his death soon after 1050 in Afghanistan, al-Biruni continued to write, turning his attention to problems of specific gravity, gemology, pharmacology, and Indian philosophy (the Patanjali), among other subjects. It is not clear when he wrote the Tafhim, his most important work on astrology. In all, the bibliography he himself drew up lists 113 titles, and this list can be expanded to 146; 22 are extant. He was, then, a most prolific author, and throughout his work, all of which is extremely technical, he maintained the highest standards of competence. He well deserved the epithet “Master” bestowed on him by his admiring contemporaries.

 

After the invasion of Khwarazm in 1017

In 1017, when Sultan Mahmud invaded Khwarazm, he took several scholars and poets back to his capital, Ghazni; Al-Biruni was one of them. He arrived at Ghazni as a hostage but gradually developed a liking for the city, where he spent the rest of his life until his death at the age of 70. Sanskrit works on astronomy, mathematics and medicine had been translated into arabic from the eighth century onwards. When the Punjab became a part of the Ghazanavid Empire, contacts with the local population helped create an enviromnent of mutual trust and understanding. Al-Biruni spent years in the company of Brahmana priests and scholars, learning Sanskrit, and studying religious and philosophical texts.

In 1017 A.D., at the behest of Sultan Mahmud of Persia, Al-Biruni traveled to India to learn about the Hindus, “and to discuss with them questions of religion, science, and literature, and the very basis of their civilization”. He remained in India for thirteen years, studying, and exploring.

Al-Biruni’s scholarly work has not gotten the great recognition it deserves. Not for nearly eight hundred years would any other writer match Al-Biruni’s profound understanding of almost all aspects of Indian life [1].

Al-Biruni was a true genius — he was renowned as a mathematician, and an astronomer prior to his India mission — and has successfully captured the time and meaning of India in his writings. For instance he gives the Hindu’s concept of God in Chapter II of his Tarikh al-Hind (History of India) which is astonishingly faithful to the complex definitions the Hindus believe in.

Al-Biruni not only studied Sanskrit literature, but also met many Indian mathematicians and philosophers. It is rather ironic that some of the most comprehensive study of India of the middle ages is performed by an Islamic scholar. In his notes we not only find elaborate descriptions of travel tales, but also discussions of divinity, literature, and mathematical equations.

 

THANK YOU